Image and Video Coding “Standards”

Vicente González Ruiz - Depto Informática - UAL

November 3, 2024

Contents

 1 What the standards define?
 2 A comparison [1]
 3 To-Do
 4 References

1 What the standards define?

Most of the encoding standards indicate the format of the code-stream and how it should be decoded. With respect to coding, they just provide suggestions and, in general, it is an undefined process.

2 A comparison [1]

Code-stream
Maximum scalability
number Maximum Maximum T=temporal
of bits spatial Maximum bit S=Spatial
Name of per resolution picture rate Q=Quality Lossless Patents
Year the codec Common encoding pipeline Main use component (rows x cols) rate (only video) R=ROI Stereo option free
1951 Analog Video Analog YUV TV NA 576\(\times \)NA (PAL) 30 (NTSC) NA No No NA NA
1984 H.120 (\(\text {E}'_{\text {Y}}\), \(\text {E}'_{\text {R}} – \text {E}'_{\text {Y}}\), \(\text {E}'_{\text {B}} – \text {E}'_{\text {Y}}\))+MC+SQ+Huffman Videotelephony 8 \(720\times 576\) (PAL) 30 (NTSC) 2048 kbps No No No Expired
1986 Digital Video 4:2:2/YCbCr+PCM Digital TV 8 \(720\times 576\) (PAL) 30 (NTSC) 140 Mbps No No NA Expired
1987 GIF Color VQ+LZW Web 8 \(2^{16}-1\times 2^{16}-1\) 100 Undefined S No No Expired
1992 JPEG 4:2:0/YCbCr+DCT+SQ+RLE+Huffman Web 12 \((2^{16}-1)\times (2^{16}-1\)) NA NA S No No Expired
1992 Motion JPEG 4:2:0/YCbCr+DCT+SQ+RLE+Huffman Video edition 8 \((2^{16}-1)\times (2^{16}-1)\) undefined undefined TS No No Expired
1993 MPEG-1 Part 2 4:2:0/YCbCr+MC+DCT+SQ+RLE+Huffman Video CD 8 \(352\times 288\) 30 (NTSC) 1150 kbps T No No Expired
1995 MPEG-2 Video (H.262) 4:2:0/YCbCr+MC+DCT+SQ+RLE+Huffman DVD & DVB 8 \(1920\times 1080\) 60 (NTSC) 300 Mbps TSQ No No Expired
1995 DV 4:2:0/YCbCr+DCT+SQ+RLE+Huffman Digital TV 8 \(720\times 576\) (PAL) 60 (NTSC) 50 Mbps No No No Expired
1996 H.263 4:2:0/YCbCr+MC+DCT+SQ+RLE+Huffman+DF ISDN videotelephony 8 \(1408\times 1152\) 30 \(n\times 64\) kbps TRS No No Expired
1987 PNG DPCM+DEFLATE Web 16 \(2^{32}-1\times 2^{32}-1\) 100 Undefined S No Yes No
1999 MPEG-4 Visual 4:2:0/YCbCr+MC+DCT+SQ+RLE+Huffman “Internet movies” 8 \(1408\times 1152\) 30 \(n\times 64\) kbps No No No Expired
2000 JPEG 2000 (4:2:0/YCbCr)|RCT+DWT+SQ+EBCOT Medical imaging 32 \((2^{32}-1)\times (2^{32}-1)\) NA NA SQR No Yes No
2001 Motion JPEG 2000 (4:2:0/YCbCr)|YCoCg+DWT+SQ+EBCOT Digital cinema 32 \(7680\times 4320\) (8K UHD) 48 250 Mbps TSQR No Yes No
2003 MPEG-4 AVC (H.264) (4:2:0/YCbCr)+MC+DCT+SQ+CABAC Blue-ray DVB 10 \(7680\times 4320\) (8K UHD) 130 800 Mbps TSQ Yes Yes No
2004 Theora (4:2:0/YCbCr)+MC+DCT+SQ+RLE+Huffman Web 8 \(1048560 × 1048560\) Undefined Undefined T No No Yes
2006 VC-1 (4:2:0/YCbCr)+MC+DCT+SQ+RLE+Huffman Microsoft Silverlight 8 \(2048\times 1536\) 60 135 Mbps T No No No
2007 Apple ProRes (4:2:2/YCbCr)+DCT+SQ+RLE+Huffman Video edition 12 \(7680\times 4320\) (8K UHD) 50 4424 Mbps T No No No
2014 JPEG XR Quandtree+4:2:0/YCbCr+SQ+CABAC Web 32 \(2^{32}-1\times 2^{32}-1\) NA NA None No Yes No
2010 WebP 4:2:0/YCbCr Web 8 \(2^{14}-1\times 2^{14}-1\) NA Undefined None No Yes Yes
2013 HEVC (H.265) (4:2:0/YCbCr)+MC+DCT+SQ+CABAC Video compression 16 \(8192\times 4320\) 128 800 Mbps TSQ Yes Yes No
2014 BPG Quandtree+4:2:0/YCbCr+SQ+CABAC Web 14 \(2^{32}-1\times 2^{32}-1\) NA NA None No Yes Yes
2018 AV1 (4:2:0/YCbCr)+MC+DCT+SQ+Range coding Web 12 \(8192\times 4320\) 300 800 Mbps TS No Yes Yes
2020 VVC (H.266) (4:2:0/YCbCr)+MC+DCT+SQ+CABAC Broadcast 16 16K 120 Undefined TSQ Yes Yes No

3 To-Do

Check which of the previous multimedia coding standards are implemented in FFMPEG.

4 References

[1]   Wales J. and Sanger L. Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. 2001.